Difficult Pathogens I: Gram-Positive Bacteria

RELEASE DATE: 12/29/2011 CREDIT EXPIRATION DATE: 12/29/2013

MODULE OVERVIEW

"Difficult Pathogens I: Gram-Positive Bacteria" provides an overview of three difficult Gram-positive pathogens encountered in the healthcare setting: staphylococci, enterococci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It discusses strategies for accurately reporting their susceptibilities in the antibiogram and how such reports should be utilized to guide clinical decision-making.

NAVIGATING THE MODULE

This Module is organized into 3 sections.

Staphylococci

Staphylococci discusses methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci

prevalence
antimicrobial susceptibility
vancomycin MIC creep and its implications
CLSI recommendations for reporting in the antibiogram and antimicrobial testing
new agents and treatment guidelines

Enterococci

Enterococci presents data on

prevalence
resistance mechanisms and interpreting resistance phenotypes
CLSI recommendations for reporting in the antibiogram and antimicrobial testing
new agents and treatment guidelines

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae focuses on

burden of infection
penicillin breakpoints
susceptibility trends
immunization guidelines and rates
CLSI recommendations for reporting in the antibiogram and antimicrobial testing
new agents and treatment guidelines

Target Audience

This educational activity is designed for hospital healthcare professionals, including hospital pharmacists, physicians, microbiologists, infection control personnel, who would benefit from a better understanding of antibiograms to guide clinical decision-making and empiric therapy.

Learning Objectives

After participating in this educational activity, learners should be better able to:

Describe the resistance trends in staphylococci, enterococci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae
State current CLSI guideline recommendations for reporting susceptibility of these specific Gram-positive pathogens in an antibiogram
Utilize information from an antibiogram to guide clinical decision-making when managing infections due to these specific Gram-positive pathogens

Accreditation

Physicians

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of the University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Vemco MedEd. The University of Kentucky College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

The University of Kentucky College of Medicine designates this Internet Enduring Activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits^TM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

The University of Kentucky College of Medicine presents this activity for educational purposes only. Participants are expected to utilize their own expertise and judgment while engaged in the practice of medicine. The content of the presentations is provided solely by presenters who have been selected for presentations because of recognized expertise in their field.

Pharmacists

Center for Independent Healthcare Education (Center) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education. Center has assigned 1.5 contact hours (0.15 CEUs) for this activity.

ACPE Universal Activity Number: 473-999-11-010-H01-P

Type of Activity: Knowledge-based

Instructions for Obtaining Credit: Physicians

Attend activity in its entirety.
Post activity, go to www.CECentral.com/getcredit.
Enter activity code XEN12223.
Login or register for a free account.
Complete posttest and evaluation
Get credit. A printable certificate will be issued.

Instructions for Obtaining Credit: Pharmacists

Review the entire CME/CPE information including target audience, learning objectives, and disclosures.
Review the complete activity.
Complete the online Post Test, Evaluation, and Credit Application form. Please note that:
you have to sign in to access the form.
a score of at least 80% on the Post Test is necessary to receive credit.
Upon successful completion, a certificate will be available to print.

DISCLOSURES: PLANNING COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Employees of University of Kentucky, Center for Independent Healthcare Education, Vemco MedEd, and the Faculty are part of the planning committee. Please see the disclosures listed below and in the table.

Christopher Dennison, employee of University of Kentucky, has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Dave Feola, PharmD, content reviewer from University of Kentucky, has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Paul DeLisle, employee of Center for Independent Healthcare Education, has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Marco Cicero, PhD, employee of Vemco MedEd, has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Janet Hindler, MCLS, MT (ASCP), is on speakers bureau/advisory board of BD Diagnostics, bioMerieux, Forest Laboratories, and Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics.

Robert P. Rapp, PharmD, FCCP, is a speaker/consultant for Astellas, Ortho-McNeil/Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Pfizer.

George G. Zhanel, PharmD, PhD, has received research funding from Astellas, Cubist, and Ortho-McNeil/Janssen Pharmaceuticals.

DISCLOSURES: FACULTY

In accordance with policies set forth by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), University of Kentucky UK HealthCare CECentral (UKHCCEC) and Center for Independent Healthcare Education require all faculty members and spouses/significant others with an opportunity to affect the content of a continuing education activity to disclose any relevant financial relationships during the past 12 months with commercial interests. A commercial interest is any entity producing, marketing, re-selling or distributing health care goods or services consumed by or used on patients. Relationships with commercial interests and conflicts of interest resulting from those relationships must be revealed to the audience and resolved prior to the activity.

Relevant relationships include roles such as speaker, author, consultant, independent contractor (including research), employee, investor, advisory committee member, board member, review panelist, and investigator. If a potential speaker or author indicates a possible conflict of interest, the conflict will be resolved by choosing another speaker or author for that topical area, or the slides, handouts, and/or monograph will be reviewed and approved by a qualified commercially-disinterested peer.

Disclosure of a relationship is not intended to suggest or condone any bias in any presentation, but is made to provide participants with information that might be of potential importance to their evaluation of a presentation.

Faculty/Spouse/ Significant Other	No relevant financial relationships in past 12 months	Intend to discuss off-label use of a product	Commercial Interest	Role	Received	Conflict(s) resolved
Janet Hindler, MCLS, MT (ASCP)	√	No	BD Diagnostics, bioMerieux, Forest Laboratories, and Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics	Speakers bureau/ advisory board	Yes	Yes
Robert P. Rapp PharmD, FCCP	√	No	Astellas, Ortho-McNeil/Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Pfizer	Speaker/consultant	Yes	Yes
George G. Zhanel, PharmD, PhD	√	No	Astellas, Cubist, and Ortho-McNeil/Janssen Pharmaceuticals	Research funding	Yes	Yes
Christopher Dennison, University of Kentucky	X	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA
Dave Feola, PharmD, content reviewer from University of Kentucky	X	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA
Paul DeLisle, Center for Independent Healthcare Education	X	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA
Marco Cicero, PhD, Vemco MedEd	X	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA

DISCUSSION OF OFF-LABEL USES

This activity discusses no off-label uses of any medications/products.

Joint Sponsorship

This activity is jointly sponsored by University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Center for Independent Healthcare Education, and Vemco MedEd.

Commercial Support

This activity is supported by educational grants from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., administered by Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC; Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.; and Cubist Pharmaceuticals.

Fee

There is no fee to participate in this activity.

Copyright Statement

Contact Information

For questions regarding the accreditation of this activity,

Physicians: please contact University of Kentucky Healthcare CE Central: Christopher Dennison at Crdenn2@email.uky.edu; Phone: (859) 218 0329.
Pharmacists: please contact Center for Independent Healthcare Education at info@jointsponsor.com.

Hardware/Software Requirements

Web Browser

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Software/Hardware

Adobe Reader version 7 or above to view PDF files (If you do not have Adobe Reader, you can download it for free from Adobe.com)
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Connection Speed

Cable, DSL, or better of at least 300 Kbps

System Check

Please e-mail any questions or concerns to info@bugsvsdrugs.com.

REVIEW ACTIVITY

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